The Sinus Augmentation Guide: The Surgery Types

If you’ve been told you need a dental implant but don’t have enough bone in your upper jaw, you’re not alone. Fortunately, sinus augmentation, also called sinus lift surgery, is a proven procedure that can create a strong foundation for successful implant placement.

In this post, we’ll break down what sinus augmentation is, why it’s necessary, and what you can expect. Whether you’re considering dental implants or just exploring your options, this guide will help you understand everything you need to know before getting a sinus lift. If you need a periodontist in Utah, we have offices in Salt Lake City and South Jordan and offer competitive pricing! Our offices are conveniently located near Bountiful, West Valley, Herriman, Sandy, Draper, and Lehi.

What Is Sinus Augmentation?

Sinus augmentation is a dental procedure that adds bone to the upper jaw in the area of the molars and premolars. This is done to create a stable foundation for dental implants when there is insufficient bone, either due to bone loss or the natural position of the sinus cavity. 

Sinus lift surgery is fairly common, as many patients lack enough bone in the upper jaw. Just behind the cheekbones sit two hollow spaces called the maxillary sinuses. It’s common for the roots of upper teeth to extend into the sinuses, but when tooth loss occurs, the bone around the tooth shrinks. Too much bone loss can make dental implants impossible, as they need a strong foundation to work. 

What Is Its Purpose?

The primary purpose of sinus augmentation is to increase the volume of bone in the upper jaw so that dental implants can be securely placed. Without enough bone, dental implants may fail or not be possible at all. Sinus augmentation provides the support needed to make long-term success more likely. 

Most Common Reasons for Sinus Augmentation Surgery

Sinus lift surgery is used when there isn’t enough bone volume in the upper jaw for dental implants. The most common reasons it may be needed include: 

• Insufficient bone height: The upper jaw may not have enough bone to support implants, especially in the molar and premolar areas. 
• Bone loss from missing teeth: When teeth are missing for a long time, the surrounding bone can shrink. 
• Enlarged maxillary sinus: Some people naturally have a low-positioned sinus that limits space for implants. 
• Bone loss due to periodontal disease: Advanced gum disease can cause bone deterioration. 
• Trauma or injury: Facial injuries can lead to bone loss in the upper jaw.
• Congenital defects: Some people are born with insufficient bone in the upper jaw. 

A sinus augmentation helps create a strong foundation for dental implants, improving long-term success and stability. 

Types of Sinus Augmentation Surgery

There are a couple types of sinus augmentation surgeries used to increase the volume of bone in the upper jaw. The technique that is used will depend on how severe your bone loss is. These methods include:

• Lateral window, or direct sinus lift: This procedure is best for severe bone loss (less than 4 or 5 mm of bone height). Your oral surgeon makes a small opening in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. The sinus membrane is lifted, and the bone graft material is placed underneath. The area is then closed and left to heal for 4 to 9 months before the implant is placed. This type of sinus augmentation allows for a large amount of bone to be grafted, but it does take longer to heal.  
• Osteotome technique, or indirect sinus lift: For mild to moderate bone loss (5 to 7 mm of bone height), an osteotome sinus augmentation can be a great choice. In this procedure, your oral surgeon drills a small hole through the crest of the alveolar ridge (where the implant will go). Special instruments called osteotomes are used to gently push the sinus membrane upward. Bone graft material is placed, and sometimes, the implant can be placed at the same time. This sinus lift surgery is less invasive that the traditional lateral window technique, but it only works for those with mild to moderate bone loss.

What Recovery Is Like

Sinus augmentation is done in the office, typically with local anesthesia or IV sedation. After the surgery, most people are able to go home and go about their day, though it’s best to avoid strenuous activity. Here’s a brief overview of what to expect during recovery: 

First 48 hours

• Swelling and bruising: Common around the cheeks and under the eyes. Peaks in 48 hours and subsides in a few days. 
• Mild bleeding: Some blood in saliva or nasal discharge is normal.
• Congestion and sinus pressure: Avoid blowing your nose or sneezing forcefully to prevent complications. 
• Discomfort: Usually mild to moderate, and managed with OTC or prescribed pain relievers. 

First Week

• Soft diet: Stick to soft foods. Avoid chewing in the affected area. 
• No heavy lifting or straining: Avoid activities that increase sinus pressure. 
• Avoid smoking and alcohol: These can slow healing and increase your risk of infection.
• Saline nasal spray: Use to keep nasal passages moist without forceful blowing.

During the first one to two weeks after your surgery, your stitches will dissolve or be removed. The bone graft will take between 4 to 9 months to fully integrate with your jawbone before implants can be placed. Most patients recover well and can return to normal activities in a few days, though full healing takes several months. 

Associated Risks and Complications

While sinus augmentation is a generally safe procedure with a high success rate, there are some risks and potential complications to be aware of, including:

• Sinus membrane perforation: During the surgery, the sinus membrane may tear. Small tears can often be repaired immediately, but larger ones require healing before the surgery can be attempted again. A perforated membrane can lead to sinus infections or graft failure. 
• Infection: Any surgical procedure carries a risk of infection, though it’s rare with this surgery. If you notice swelling, fever, a foul smell, or pus drainage, give your oral surgeon or periodontist a call, as you’ll need antibiotics to treat the infection.
• Graft failure: Sometimes, the bone graft may not properly integrate with the existing bone. If this happens, you may need the procedure again before an implant can be placed. 
• Sinusitis: Some patients experience sinus congestion, pressure, or inflammation after the procedure. It’s generally temporary, but in rare cases, it can lead to long-term sinus problems that require surgery.  

To minimize the risks associated with a sinus augmentation, follow post-op care instructions carefully. Avoid smoking and strenuous activity, and take antibiotics if prescribed. 

Sinus Augmentation Conclusion

For patients with too little jawbone, a sinus augmentation can make dental implants a possibility. This surgery has a high success rate by grafting bone tissue to create a stable foundation for implants. 

If you need a sinus lift surgery, Utah Periodontal Specialists can help. Our dedicated periodontists and staff members can help you regain your smile and your confidence. Contact us today to schedule an appointment.